![]() The zebu offered traits that would allow cattle to survive in hot, dry climates, while the taurine provided cattle with the ability to endure humid climates where vector-borne diseases like trypanosomiasis are common. The genome sequencing work conducted by the scientists revealed that indigenous pastoralist herders in the Horn of Africa began breeding the Asian zebu cattle with local taurine breeds about a thousand years ago. The taurine were introduced through North Africa some 8,000 years ago but remained largely confined to isolated belts of land in West and East Africa. These cattle were domesticated independently during the Neolithic era: once in south Asia, leading to the zebu or humped cattle, and the other in the Middle East, leading to taurine cattle. Today’s announcement helps explain how Africa’s cattle acquired such a range of advantages.Īll billion or so cattle today descend from ancient aurochs, an extinct species of large wild cattle that once inhabited large swaths of Eurasia. They also provide manure for crops and some African breeds can survive in conditions that can’t support food crops.īut to thrive in Africa’s diverse settings, cattle need an array of traits like heat and drought-tolerance, the capacity to control inflammation and tick infestations, and resistance to devastating livestock diseases like trypanosomiasis. They provide a critical source of protein and micronutrients alongside income to pay for things like school fees. For many rural households, cattle are among the family’s most valuable assets. ![]() ![]() Today, cattle play a central role in human livelihoods in Africa. They wanted to learn how-after spending thousands of years confined to a shifting patchwork of sub-regions in Africa-cattle rapidly evolved traits during the last millennia that allowed them to spread across the continent. The findings, published in the October issue of Nature Genetics, emerged from an effort to sequence the genomes of 172 indigenous cattle by scientists at the Nairobi and Ethiopia-based International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and Korea’s Seoul National University. The resulting crossbreed retained advantages from each subspecies, giving the admixture the ability to adapt to the continent’s diverse and challenging ecosystems. The event, dubbed an ‘evolutionary jolt’ by one of the scientists, brought together zebu (humped) and taurine (unhumped) cattle in the Horn of Africa some 750-1050 years ago. Centre for tropical livestock genetics and health.Poverty reduction, livelihoods and jobs.Gender, equality, youth and social inclusion.
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Loud_hissing Fandoms: The Owl House (Cartoon) The One Time Hooty Betrayed Duolingo (and the One Time He Didn’t) Language: English Words: 857 Chapters: 1/1 Comments: 3 Kudos: 23 Bookmarks: 1 Hits: 490 I wrote this because I haven't wrote on Ao3 for a long time also because I love The Owl House and wanted to write a fluffy fic with lots of humor(attempted) Series While Gus Porter and Matt Tholomule are in the human realm, they discover YouTube by an accident and they decide to start a YouTube channel, cause why not? Creator Chose Not To Use Archive Warnings.Choose Not To Use Archive Warnings, Major Character Death.Xemcharms Fandoms: The Owl House (Cartoon) Language: English Words: 645 Chapters: 8/? Comments: 7 Kudos: 39 Bookmarks: 3 Hits: 440 Njdgvdhowlvdhbvibnwivgiunbdufvuegbuvdubvuvbdsuvbuew idk how to summery Series yoooooooo minecraft but wait shit im a truck.Lil Nas X/Satan (MONTERO (Call Me By Your Name)).Graphic Depictions Of Violence, Major Character Death.Language: English Words: 9,118 Chapters: 4/? Collections: 1 Comments: 16 Kudos: 78 Bookmarks: 3 Hits: 3,378 This fic is technically on hiatus, and will be updated with sillier, unfinished, or low effort pieces. Some chapters written before I finished the series. What more could you ask for?ĭONT WORRY about the hooty/duolingo tags! I just wanted to jumpscare y'all lol It's just a collection of ships and kinks. I heard you like magic, I've got a wand and a rabbit! So baby, let's get freaky, get kinky, let's make this bed get squeaky! (I originally published this on Wattpad back during the times of S2 E11, so Odalia's behavior isn't fully canon) Language: English Words: 3,422 Chapters: 5/? Comments: 2 Kudos: 6 Bookmarks: 1 Hits: 349 Belos has been defeated already, and Hunter was adopted by Eda. Ed and Hunter are 20/21, and Luz and Amity are 18/19. Odalia is trying to set Edric up with a suitor, but Ed doesn't want that, so he asks Hunter to pretend to be his boyfriend for one night, but things get out of hand.ĪU taking place 4 years after the series. Trans Hunter | The Golden Guard (The Owl House).Hunter | The Golden Guard (The Owl House).Hunter | The Golden Guard & Willow Park & Gus Porter.Amity Blight & Edric Blight & Emira Blight.SlytheringGaySnake Fandoms: The Owl House (Cartoon) Language: English Words: 8,265 Chapters: 8/8 Comments: 15 Kudos: 31 Bookmarks: 3 Hits: 2,521 I am not personally responsible for any copyright issues. Any resemblance to real life figures, is PURELY coincidental. Here, in this tasteful work of mine, I will be releasing my masterpieces revolving around different characters and personas I fancy. April Showers: An Omorashi/Piss Week 2021.Toothless (How to Train Your Dragon)/Original Female Character(s).Hiccup Horrendous Haddock III/Toothless.Father Garcia & John Ward (FAITH Video Game).Duolingo Owl (Anthropomorphic)/Hooty (The Owl House). ![]() Mishka_111 Fandoms: Politics - Fandom, trump - Fandom, Shrek (Movies), Duolingo, FAITH (Airdorf Video Game), Rick and Morty, How to Train Your Dragon (Movies), Fairly OddParents ![]() Mental Health Issues: Depression, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and other mental health disorders can affect sleep patterns and quality.Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as chronic pain, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, or hormonal imbalances, can disrupt your sleep.Environmental Factors: Uncomfortable sleeping environment, excessive noise, extreme temperatures, or inadequate lighting can interfere with your ability to fall asleep or stay asleep.Poor Sleep Habits: Irregular sleep patterns, inconsistent bedtime routines, excessive caffeine or alcohol consumption, and engaging in stimulating activities before bed can disrupt your sleep.Racing thoughts, worry, or an overactive mind can keep you awake at night. Stress and Anxiety: High levels of stress or anxiety can make it difficult to relax and fall asleep.Here are a few common factors that can contribute to sleep difficulties: There can be various reasons why you may be experiencing trouble sleeping. ![]() If you're dealing with stress and anxiety, it's recommended to seek support from a mental health professional who can provide personalized guidance. It's important to note that not everyone experiences stress and anxiety in the same way. Uncertainty and change: Experiencing frequent change (even positive change!) or feeling uncertain about the future can be a common cause of anxiety.Traumatic experiences: Experiencing a traumatic event, such as an accident, abuse or even a natural disaster can lead to anxiety-related conditions.Health concerns: Managing chronic illness, physical pain or battling a health condition can be a cause, as well.Relationships: Whether romantic, familial or social, strain or conflict in relationships can cause stress and anxiety.Financial challenges: Job loss, debt, or just struggling to make ends meet can be a significant source of stress and anxiety.Work or school pressure: High workloads, tight deadlines, challenging bosses, or work pressure can lead to stress and anxiety.Major life changes: Significant life events such as moving, getting married (or divorced), starting a new job or experiencing the loss of a loved one can trigger it.Here are a few common factors that contribute to stress and anxiety: ![]() Stress and anxiety can have various causes and can differ greatly from person to person. ![]() Surely, African Americans are a suspect class and the victims of discrimination throughout the history of the United States. Pure racism is not a compelling government purpose, and even if the government would try and suggest a non-racially motivated purpose, it is likely that that such a blanket action is not narrowly tailored to anything compelling.But in other contexts, it can be more difficult to determine if a government classification is constitutional. Today, if a local government singled out African Americans and forbid them from serving as firemen, this would be almost certainly be considered unconstitutional. If the answer to either of these two questions is no, then the classification is an unconstitutional violation of the Equal Protection Clause.Some government actions easily fit this mold. ![]() ![]() In this instance, the Court will ask if the government’s purpose for the classification of the suspect class is compelling and whether the action taken is narrowly tailored to that purpose. This low-level standard of review is known as “Rational Basis Review,” and is further explained below.If, however, the government classification does single out a suspect class, the Court will probably give the action what is known as “Strict Scrutiny,” or the Court’s least deferential standard of review. The Court may still examine the government action, but it will do so while being as deferential to the legislature as possible. If no such group is being singled out, then the Court will likely not consider there to have been a violation of the Equal Protection Clause. (1938), a suspect class of people is one that is a “discrete and insular minorit.” These are generally groups that have been historically discriminated against. The group being singled out must be what is known as a “suspect class.” As best defined by a famous footnote in United States v. Second, there needs to be some classification, some action taken by the government to single out one group from another.However, a government classification does not necessarily mean than a violation of the Equal Protection Clause has occurred. A federal, state, or local government may not be able to discriminate, but your neighbor is under no such restraint. First, it must be determined if there has been government action in this instance. While slavery is specifically dealt with in the 13th Amendment, inequality is dealt with here.Though race and racial discrimination are still at the heart of the Equal Protection Clause, any unjust government classification – the singling out of one group or another – can be a violation of the Constitution.A modern analysis of an Equal Protection claim requires several steps within a larger framework. After all, this amendment was passed in the wake of the Civil War in attempts to remedy some of injustices that led up to that war, like racial inequality and slavery. It can perhaps be said that the Equal Protection Clause is at the core of the 14th Amendment. The person with the most sets of four wins the game. The game ends when one person lays all their cards on the table, or the draw pile is empty, whichever comes first. 3) Creating sets of fourĪs soon as you have a set of 4 cards of the same number in your hand (one of each suit), you immediately place these cards face up on the table. If the card does not match the card number you asked for, the card becomes part of your hand, and it is your opponent’s turn. ![]() If the card you draw matches the card number you asked your opponent for, show the card to your opponents, put it in your hand, and continue playing your turn. At this point, you draw a card from the draw pile. If your opponent does not have the card number you asked for, they will say “Go Fish”. It is not necessary to ask the same player – each time you receive cards, you may choose any of the denomination of cards you hold in your hand and pick any player to ask for matches. Anytime you get cards from another player, you may repeat this process. If that person has one or more of the called card, they are given to you and become part of your hand. Then, choose another player and ask if they have the given card number. Pick a card number from the ones you hold in your hand. When playing with children, you may want to have the youngest child go first. There are a variety of ways to determine who goes first.The remaining cards should be placed face down. Each player is dealt 5 cards (if only 2 players are playing, deal 7 cards each). ![]() The goal of the game is to collect the most sets of four.Explain how this game is built on trust and we need to tell the truth.Discuss taking turns, and how you need to wait until everyone has “gone fishing” before you can play again. ![]()
![]() For even greater productivity and business growth, you can upgrade to a paid plan. For even more appointments, set up your free online booking page and let clients book themselves based on your availability.ĭownload Goldie, your free scheduling app. Trusted by over 100.000 beauty professionals, hair stylists, nail artists, barbers, and other professionals to schedule clients easily and grow their business.Īccess your calendar from anywhere at any time with the Goldie appointment scheduler. Easily schedule appointments, send automatic appointment reminders, take deposits and process payments, and so much more! I downloaded Google duos yesterday, it has changed by FaceTimeing life forever! My second cousin Khloe has a Samsung, and I have an iPhone! We couldn’t FaceTime, until she told me about Google duoS! I downloaded it not thinking of such high-quality, not thinking of so many features, not even thinking about seeing the other persons point of view! I just can’t believe I wasn’t told about this amazing FaceTime in up earlier! This is the most amazing, phenomenal, interesting, and useful app for Samsung and iPhone users that aren’t at war! I am proud to say I am writing an amazing review on Google duos, to let others know how phenomenal this app is! I just can’t believe I wasn’t told about this amazing FaceTimeing app earlier! This is the most amazing, phenomenal, interesting, and useful app for Samsung and iPhone users that aren’t at war! I am so happy to say I am writing an amazing review on Google duo, to let others know how phenomenal and amazing and absolutely grateful I am for the creators of Google for creating a Samsung and iPhone app that both users can use FaceTime in and setting up stuff like meetings, video ideas, and even social media posts! Thank you for reading this review and I just want to say I am blown away by how phenomenal the creators of this app are.Goldie (formerly Appointfix) is a free appointment scheduling app that will help you manage and grow your business. Specific feature availability may vary based on device specifications. Google Meet automatically adjusts to the highest video quality possible based on your bandwidth.ĭata charges may apply. *Meeting recordings, transcripts, and breakout rooms are available as premium features. ![]() Make your call fun with family friendly features like effects, backgrounds, and reactions.Įnjoy one-on-one video calls for up to 24 hours and host meetings for up to 60 minutes and 100 people at no cost. Use live sharing to watch YouTube videos, listen to music, and play games together from anywhere in the world. High quality video: Show up looking your best with up to 4k video quality video***, light adjustment, and stylized backgrounds. Make spontaneous calls or host meetings with your friends and colleagues, all in one app.Įxchange video messages with small groups or one-on-one.Īccess on any device: Meet works across mobile, tablet, web, and smart devices,** so everyone can join. It integrates with other Google Workspace apps like Gmail, Docs, Slides, and Calendar and offers a number of features to help you run smooth and engaging meetings, like emoji reactions, recordings, transcripts, and breakout rooms.* Meet lets you connect in whatever way works for you: Call someone spontaneously, schedule time together, or send a video message that they can see and respond to later. Google Meet is a high-quality video calling app designed to help you have meaningful and fun interactions with your friends, family, colleagues, and classmates, wherever they are. Will there be a cost to use Adobe Acrobat PDF capabilities in Microsoft Edge? To access Adobe Acrobat’s advanced digital document features within Microsoft Edge, an Adobe Acrobat extension and a paid Adobe Acrobat subscription is required. The partnership creates a unique PDF experience in Microsoft Edge that brings together the built-in Microsoft Edge PDF reader and the new component of the PDF engine from Adobe Acrobat. The built-in Microsoft Edge PDF solution will continue to be free and will remain a separate product from Adobe Acrobat. The features and capabilities you already enjoy with the Microsoft Edge PDF reader will continue to be available and, thanks to the partnership with Adobe, you can also expect additional benefits at no extra cost, such as higher fidelity for more accurate colors and graphics, improved performance, strong security for PDF handling, and greater accessibility-including better text selection and read-aloud narration. With this announcement and partnership with Adobe, we are enhancing the existing built-in Microsoft Edge PDF reader . No, the Microsoft Edge PDF reader is not going away. This change will not have any effect on IE mode.ĭoes this change mean that the Microsoft Edge PDF reader is going away and being replaced by Adobe Reader? Will this change affect Internet Explorer mode (“IE mode”) in Microsoft Edge? We will have more to share at a later date. Will Adobe Acrobat PDF capabilities in Microsoft Edge be available on macOS?Īvailability for MacOS is coming in the future. The built-in Microsoft Edge PDF reader with the Adobe Acrobat PDF engine will be released for Windows 10 and 11. On what platforms will Adobe Acrobat PDF capabilities in Microsoft Edge be released? Admins in commercial and educational organizations can enable or disable the “ NewPDFReaderEnabled” policy to test the built-in Microsoft Edge PDF reader with the Adobe Acrobat PDF engine. The built-in Microsoft Edge PDF reader, powered by the Adobe Acrobat PDF engine, rolls out to consumers starting in March 2023, with an option for organizations with managed devices to opt-in via Intune, SCCM, or group policy. Please see the FAQ below for answers to questions you may have. There is no requirement to purchase an Adobe Acrobat subscription to use the Microsoft Edge built-in PDF free capabilities. ![]() Microsoft Edge users and organizations with existing Adobe Acrobat subscriptions can use the Acrobat extension inside Microsoft Edge at no extra cost. Ultimately, the legacy engine in the Microsoft Edge PDF solution is scheduled to be removed on March 31 st, 2024. This will roll out to organizations with managed devices over time, to allow time to test the updated experience and transition users. These capabilities will continue to be free of cost.Ĭonsumer (and unmanaged) users of Microsoft Edge will see this change immediately. īy powering the Microsoft Edge built-in PDF reader with the Adobe Acrobat PDF engine, users will receive a unique PDF experience that includes higher fidelity for more accurate colors and graphics, improved performance, strong security for PDF handling, and greater accessibility-including better text selection and read-aloud narration. ![]() You can view the announcement blog and learn more information regarding the larger Microsoft and Adobe Partnership. This leverages the industry-leading technologies that Adobe and Microsoft use to bring innovative value to the modern hybrid working environment. As part of the Adobe and Microsoft collaboration to re-envision the future workplace and your digital experiences, we are natively embedding the Adobe Acrobat PDF engine into the Microsoft Edge built-in PDF reader, with a release scheduled in March 2023. ![]() You’ll learn why you should use dry cups for measuring sugar, flour, and dry ingredients. You know what kind of measurements are required when you bake or cook - liquid cup measurements for liquids like milk, juice, cream, broth, and in general anything that can be poured from one container into another. These often come with a plunger, so the cook doesn’t have to scrape stuck ingredients off the sides of the measure. These cups are perfect for baking, especially if your kitchen isn’t as tall as the cupboards.Īnother innovative development in measuring cups can be used for both dry and liquid measures and is marked for each use on opposite sides. Almost all come with handles and are flat on the top and bottom to ensure accuracy in measuring. It might be made of clear plastic, glass, metal, or even wood. When you’re cooking for a crowd, the dry measuring cups are a useful kitchen tool that you’ll want on hand. It’s perfect for measuring liquids in dishes that require accuracy. This is a very useful gadget for any cook. On the market, there’s a new liquid measuring cup that has an oval ring inside, slanted against the side of the cup. Most cooks should own one of each of one- and two-cup liquid measuring cups, and it’s great that they’re in a microwaveable material. Some are designed to pour out of a bottle others do not have spouts and are used in a bowl or mug. They’re almost always made of a clear material, such as glass or clear plastic, so the cook can see the level of the liquid as it’s poured. Most liquid cups are available in one, two, or four-cup measures. It’s vital to know which liquids and dry ingredients should be combined for a specific recipe. You will need a variety of measuring cups to be able to measure different volumes of ingredients. The kitchen offers many utensils, and each category of items is different. Measuring cups come in two varieties: liquid measuring cups and dry ingredient measuring cups. This tool enables cooks to add precise amounts of ingredients to ensure successful outcomes. Measure ingredients precisely with this handy tool. What are the Different Types of Measuring Cups? For example, liquid measuring cups let you pour precise amounts of liquids without splashing them everywhere. To keep from getting confused about the difference between dry and liquid measuring cups, follow this easy rule. ![]() Here’s a handy tip that helps you measure dry ingredients more accurately. For example, if you are making a lot of chicken stock, a liquid measuring cup is ideal. It’s hard to get an exact amount of liquid into a dry measuring cup without spilling over the sides. By not using a liquid measuring cup, you’ll get a recipe that’s too thick. Sprinkle the flour in a dry measuring cup, then level it by tapping or stirring it with the flat edge of a knife. Measuring ingredients properly and following the instructions will ensure that your baked goods come out looking just as good as they are supposed to.ĭry measuring cups let you measure dry ingredients accurately, easily, and quickly because you don’t have to spoon the ingredient into the cup first. Making bad measurements in a baking recipe will not only affect the end product but the ingredients as well. There are several different types of measuring cups to use depending on the ingredients in the recipe you’re making. A dry measuring cup holds the precise amount of the ingredient and should be leveled off with a flat verge. If you need to level the cups, then use a dry measuring cup instead. You can fill cups with the correct amount of liquid using a wide-mouth measuring cup. They are great for measuring out small amounts of ingredients and make it easy to keep the ingredient even. A liquid measuring cup is usually made of glass or plastic with a handle. Knowing which one to use will improve your baking. These two types of measurement tools are the most important. There are two kinds of measuring cups: One is dry measuring cup and other is liquid measuring cup. A recipe that calls for an ounce amount of a liquid can be measured by using a liquid measuring cup. If it calls for a pound, then you’ll need to weigh that on a kitchen scale. You should then do what your recipe calls for if it calls for an ounce. No matter what, do not weigh the chocolate chip cookie dough. Some dry ingredients vary greatly in weight, so you can’t depend on the same conversion rate.įor example, One cup of flour weighs 4.5 oz. But what they mean is 1 cup of dry ingredients = 8 fluid ounces. Liquid measuring cups show that One cup is equals to eight oz. In this article you will learn all about the types of measuring cups. ![]() One of the best things about MS Word is that it allows you to save your document in a wide range of preferred file extension options. Converting Word to PDF and Other File Types This means you can easily share and edit content, even on different devices, from the comfort of your home or workstation.Īlso, with the Microsoft Word Suite, you can easily transfer, access, or edit information that is stored on another device with ease. It boasts a huge number of benefits, including the ability to both share and edit documents. MS Word is among the most widely-used word processors on the planet. Can be annoying when you need content from the PDFĬontacts, application forms, business promotional material such as flyers, and other copies that don’t need editing.Secure files with restricted access (password protection).A tool like PDFSimpli allows you to transform a PDF document into an editable word document without altering the format of the original file. When you need to make certain amendments to a PDF document, one of your best options would be to convert it to an editable format – a word document.Īnd all thanks to technology, this is where PDF to word converters come in handy. But there’s a way around it for businesses using PDFs for collaborative purposes! PDF files are also among the most secure documents available because, digitally, the ability to edit a PDF is either limited or restricted. However, users may face several challenges with PDF documents, such as the loss of colors and format distortion when you copy-paste contents. PDF files are great for businesses that have very limited resources and equipment. It’s an open format that supports fonts and graphics while keeping the file size under 1MB.Īnd, thanks to Adobe, this document format has found a home in over 2.5 million public and private organizations in the world. ![]() The name PDF stands for Portable Document Format. Perhaps taking a separate look at what each of these file formats offers can help bring a stalemate to this seemingly large debate. This means they can be digitally shared amongst devices, edited when the need arises, or printed on paper in case hard copies are needed!īut one mammoth question still remains! Which One Is Best For Your Small Business? ![]() Moreover, they all rely on computer-based methods of creation. The biggest similarity is that they can all be used to generate, store, or track content or information that is crucial to the business. While they may appear different in their looks, formats, and extensions, these three file formats are all equally vital for your small business. The most popular digital documents for small businesses these days are PDFs, Word documents, and Google Docs. What’s Common About PDFs, Word, and Google Docs? In this piece, we shall compare PDF, Word, and Google Docs to determine which digital file option you should use for your small business documents. The file formats may also vary depending on the intent and purpose of the document. The test ensures that these candidates have all the technical skills needed to represent your company’s vision and move it forward.To any business organization, nothing is virtually more important than proper record keeping.įrom project management to monitoring, staying abreast of orders, employee management, meeting tax obligations, and keeping track of its overall progress, the reasons why a small business should have its crucial documents always in order are too many to mention.Īnd, of course, there are also so many types of business documents in this digital age, some of which may contain more important information than others. They know how to create and format documents for specific purposes and how to prepare them for publishing to the web and printing. ![]() Through questions that focus on design elements and tools from the software, it evaluates candidates’ skills to format and edit text and incorporate elements such as tables, headers and footers, watermarks, and external items such as images and charts.Ĭandidates who perform well on this test have a strong grasp of Google Docs and practical experience using the software. The Google Docs test for document creators assesses candidates’ knowledge around the core functionality of Google Docs. Collaboration is also possible with individual specialists in fields such as copywriting, formatting, and design, all working on their own aspects of the document at the same time. They are a flexible tool that can be used to write reports, produce proposals, take meeting notes, track projects, or produce documents to be embedded on a website or specifically for printing. Online document editors are a fundamental part of everyday life in business. ![]() ![]() Upgrades to buildings can be performed via the Empire view. Empire view gives the player an interface which shows information about all planets, including mine and power plant levels and ships currently docked. The Commander officer gives the user extra benefits such as an ad-free interface, a building queue, an improved galaxy view with added information, a message filter, extra shortcuts to enhance play and an 'Empire' view. Each one improves certain elements of chance or resource production. The names of the four different officers are the Engineer, the Geologist, the Technocrat and the Fleet Admiral. OGame offers four different Officers and a Commander, each costs a set amount of Dark Matter, obtained with in-game exploration or by paying money, to 'hire' for either 1 week or 3 months. The amount of resources traded is limited to the amount of free space in one's storage buildings and the amount of dark matter the player has. Players can hire a merchant using dark matter to trade one resource type for another. Alliances can utilize certain forums on the boards to instigate wars or truces between each other, as well as create their own alliance page in the game itself. Members of an alliance can use the Alliance Combat System, available in some universes, to synchronize fleet movements and missions with members of the same alliance and temporarily deploy a fleet on an ally's planet. Alliances are created for players to protect each other from attacks, join together to raid other planets, or to promote free trade among members. Alliances Īn alliance is a group of players who have banded together and is mostly used for solidarity purposes. If destroyed, 70 percent of defensive structures will be recovered after the battle. Defenses are built to defend a planet against an attacking enemy fleet. Fleet attacks are usually aimed to obtain other players' planetary resources, which is called raiding, although players may also initiate fleet attacks to destroy an opponent's fleet and collect resources from the debris field created from the battle. The combat takes place instantly and consists of 1 to 6 rounds. Instead, the player sends the ship(s) to a location (using the game's coordinate system) and what happens when the fleet arrives is beyond the player's control in OGame, combat is resolved when fleets and/or defenses meet. Unlike many other real-time strategy games, OGame does not give the player constant control of their spacecraft. No points are given for unspent resources. Players are ranked according to their points, with one point awarded for every thousand resource units invested in construction, research, ships, or defense. There are different ways to obtain these resources, including mining, trading, and raiding (see Combat below). Development is done through using five resources: metal, crystal, deuterium, energy, and dark matter. All construction, research, and missions are performed and launched from a planet or moon. However, with the redesign, that cap was lifted, albeit with the requirement that each planet required two additional levels of research, with a progressive cost. Originally, the player's empire could consist of up to 9 planets in any unoccupied planet slot. The first planet always consists of 163 fields, which determine how many building upgrades can be built on the planet, regardless of the slot in the player's system. All universes have up to 9 galaxies, each with 499 (1-499) systems, which have 15 planet slots.Įach player starts with one planet at randomly assigned coordinates in slots 4,6,8,10,12, in a random system and galaxy. The Ogame prOgame universe (Universe 35) has been discontinued as an exclusive for paying members, so anyone may now sign up for it.Īll OGame universes consist of three classifications: galaxies, systems, and planet slots (which break down to planets, moons, and debris fields). Īs of January 19, 2011, has a total of 52 universes, including ten universes using the new redesign. Players are generally informed of news, rule changes, or new versions through the official forums. The game does not differ between the nationality communities except in rare cases. OGame is available in multiple languages, and different nationalities have their own communities. OGame was created in 2002 and is produced and maintained by Gameforge. OGame is a browser-based, money-management and space-war themed massively multiplayer online browser game. |
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